Gum graft surgery is a well-established frequently performed procedure with good outcomes that becomes more difficult and more expensive the longer it is delayed. If your periodontist has mentioned gum grafting understanding what it actually involves demystifies it considerably.
Why grafting is recommended
Gum recession is permanent. Once lost gum tissue does not regenerate on its own. When recession is causing significant root sensitivity, creating cosmetic concerns, or is actively progressing, grafting is the definitive treatment. The goal is to restore tissue coverage over the exposed root, reduce sensitivity, and protect the root from future damage.
Types of gum graft
Connective tissue graft (CTG). The most common technique. A small flap is made in the palate and connective tissue beneath the surface is harvested. This tissue is then grafted to the receded area. Has the most predictable outcomes for root coverage and is the standard of care for most recession cases.
Free gingival graft (FGG). A thin slice of tissue is taken directly from the palatal surface. Used particularly when there is insufficient attached gingiva. The donor site heals more slowly with this technique.
Acellular dermal matrix (AlloDerm). A cadaveric tissue product used when palatal donor site tissue is insufficient or multiple sites need grafting simultaneously. Good outcomes in controlled studies.
Recovery: what is realistic
The palatal donor site is usually where most patients feel discomfort. Most patients manage with OTC ibuprofen and acetaminophen alternated. A soft food diet for one to two weeks allows the graft to heal without mechanical disruption. Absolutely no vigorous rinsing, smoking, or straw use during healing. Most patients return to normal activity within a few days.
What supports surgical success
Non-smokers have substantially better graft outcomes. Vitamin C is worth ensuring is adequate during recovery as its essential role in collagen synthesis directly affects graft integration. Our guide on vitamin C and gum health covers the evidence. For the microbiome side keeping pathogenic bacteria suppressed during healing is relevant and oral probiotics may be worth continuing during recovery. See our supplement comparison.
Educational content. Gum graft surgery should be performed by an experienced periodontist.
